====== Xplo screenshots ======

**28.4.2014 - Adonidia merrillii 3d mockups with vegetative and reproductive parts**

Authors : Hervé Rey, René Lecoustre, Sébastien Griffon
{{url>https://sketchfab.com/models/bd9108dac3794f5193880cb3f8bd0c5d/embed}}


**27.7.2012 - PRUNUS AVIUM SIMULATION**

3D wild cherry mock-ups simulated by AMAPsim into Xplo and rendered by Blender 
Authors : J-F Barczi, Yves Caraglio (Image : Sébastien Griffon)

{{:soft:xplo:merisier.jpg?200|}}{{:soft:xplo:merisier2.jpg?200|}}


**23.7.2012 - PALM TREE SIMULATION**

High detailled 3D palm tree mock-ups simulated by Principes model into Xplo and rendered by Blender Authors : Hervé Rey, René Lecoustre, Sébastien Griffon

{{:soft:xplo:palmforestnoblend.jpg?200|}}{{:soft:xplo:palmsingle.jpg?200|}}{{:soft:xplo:palmsinglezoom.jpg?200|}}




**22.6.2012 - TREE ROOT ANCHORAGE**

Measurements and digitization of root systems were carried out on Maritime pine trees uprooted by the Cyclone Martin that crossed South Europe in December 1999. These root systems were used to analyze tree anchorage using a Finite Element Method (Fourcaud et al., 2003).

The corresponding (old) MTG files were loaded in Xplo (Figure 1), and then exported to the FEM Abaqus software ([[https://www.simulia.com/]]) in order to perform mechanical analyses (Figure 2, 3 & 4). "Export to Abaqus" is an option of Xplo that builds an "inp" file that can be imported in Abaqus CAE.

{{:soft:xplo:thf-racinespm_xplo.png?200|}}
Figure 1: imported digitized Maritime pine root system in Xplo

{{:soft:xplo:thf-xplo-abaqus-pmroots.png?200|}}
Figure 2: Abaqus CAE - imported Maritime Pine root system from Xplo

{{:soft:xplo:rootpm_mises.png?200|}}
Figure 3: Abaqus CAE - tree overturning simulation results (von Mises stress in roots)

{{:soft:xplo:rootpm_soilpemag.png?200|}}
Figure 4: Abaqus CAE - tree overturning simulation results (plastic strain magnitude in the surrounding soil)


//Screenshots by Thierry Fourcaud, CIRAD - UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France; 

MTG files provided by Frédéric Danjon, INRA - UMR BIOGECO, Bordeaux, France; 

Simulations by Thierry Fourcaud, CIRAD - UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France
//


__References:__

Danjon, F., T. Fourcaud, and D. Bert. 2005. Root architecture and wind-firmness of mature Pinus pinaster. New Phytologist 168:387-400.

Dupuy, L., T. Fourcaud, and A. Stokes. 2005. A numerical investigation into the influence of soil type and root architecture on tree anchorage. Plant and Soil 278:119-134.

Dupuy, L., T. Fourcaud, P. Lac, and A. Stokes. 2007. A generic 3D finite element model of tree anchorage integrating soil mechanics and real root system architecture. American Journal of Botany 94:1506-1514.

Fourcaud, T., F. Danjon, and L. Dupuy. 2003. Numerical analysis of the anchorage of maritime pine trees in connection with root structure. Pages p. 323-330 in Proceedings of the International Conference Wind Effect on Trees, Karlsruhe, September 16-18, 2003. Universität Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe.

{{:soft:xplo:pbm2012-fourcaud-pdf.pdf|Fourcaud, T. 2012. Is biomechanics an important component of tree architecture? 7th conference on Plant Biomechanics, August 20-24, 2012, Clermont-Ferrand, France}}